1 | <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> |
---|
2 | <html> |
---|
3 | <head> |
---|
4 | <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> |
---|
5 | <meta content="Apache Forrest" name="Generator"> |
---|
6 | <meta name="Forrest-version" content="0.6"> |
---|
7 | <meta name="Forrest-skin-name" content="pelt"> |
---|
8 | <title>The Hoard Multiprocessor Memory Allocator</title> |
---|
9 | <link type="text/css" href="skin/basic.css" rel="stylesheet"> |
---|
10 | <link media="screen" type="text/css" href="skin/screen.css" rel="stylesheet"> |
---|
11 | <link media="print" type="text/css" href="skin/print.css" rel="stylesheet"> |
---|
12 | <link type="text/css" href="skin/profile.css" rel="stylesheet"> |
---|
13 | <script src="skin/getBlank.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="skin/getMenu.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="skin/fontsize.js" language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script> |
---|
14 | <link rel="shortcut icon" href=""> |
---|
15 | </head> |
---|
16 | <body onload="init()"> |
---|
17 | <script type="text/javascript">ndeSetTextSize();</script> |
---|
18 | <div id="top"> |
---|
19 | <!--+ |
---|
20 | |header |
---|
21 | +--> |
---|
22 | <div class="header"> |
---|
23 | <!--+ |
---|
24 | |start group logo |
---|
25 | +--> |
---|
26 | <div class="grouplogo"> |
---|
27 | <a href="http://www.hoard.org"><img class="logoImage" alt="Hoard" src="images/hoard-logo.jpg" title="The Hoard Multiprocessor Memory Allocator"></a> |
---|
28 | </div> |
---|
29 | <!--+ |
---|
30 | |end group logo |
---|
31 | +--> |
---|
32 | <!--+ |
---|
33 | |start Project Logo |
---|
34 | +--> |
---|
35 | <div class="projectlogoA1"> |
---|
36 | <a href=""></a> |
---|
37 | </div> |
---|
38 | <!--+ |
---|
39 | |end Project Logo |
---|
40 | +--> |
---|
41 | <!--+ |
---|
42 | |start Tabs |
---|
43 | +--> |
---|
44 | <ul id="tabs"></ul> |
---|
45 | <!--+ |
---|
46 | |end Tabs |
---|
47 | +--> |
---|
48 | </div> |
---|
49 | </div> |
---|
50 | <div id="main"> |
---|
51 | <div id="publishedStrip"> |
---|
52 | <!--+ |
---|
53 | |start Subtabs |
---|
54 | +--> |
---|
55 | <div id="level2tabs"></div> |
---|
56 | <!--+ |
---|
57 | |end Endtabs |
---|
58 | +--> |
---|
59 | <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"><!-- |
---|
60 | document.write("Published: " + document.lastModified); |
---|
61 | // --></script> |
---|
62 | </div> |
---|
63 | <!--+ |
---|
64 | |breadtrail |
---|
65 | +--> |
---|
66 | <div class="breadtrail"> |
---|
67 | |
---|
68 | |
---|
69 | </div> |
---|
70 | <!--+ |
---|
71 | |start Menu, mainarea |
---|
72 | +--> |
---|
73 | <!--+ |
---|
74 | |start Menu |
---|
75 | +--> |
---|
76 | <div id="menu"> |
---|
77 | <div onclick="SwitchMenu('menu_selected_1.1', 'skin/')" id="menu_selected_1.1Title" class="menutitle" style="background-image: url('skin/images/chapter_open.gif');">Table of Contents</div> |
---|
78 | <div id="menu_selected_1.1" class="selectedmenuitemgroup" style="display: block;"> |
---|
79 | <div class="menupage"> |
---|
80 | <div class="menupagetitle">Home</div> |
---|
81 | </div> |
---|
82 | <div class="menuitem"> |
---|
83 | <a title="Download Hoard" href="download.html">Download</a> |
---|
84 | </div> |
---|
85 | <div class="menuitem"> |
---|
86 | <a title="Screenshots" href="screenshot.html">Screenshots</a> |
---|
87 | </div> |
---|
88 | <div class="menuitem"> |
---|
89 | <a title="How to Use Hoard" href="using.html">Using Hoard</a> |
---|
90 | </div> |
---|
91 | <div class="menuitem"> |
---|
92 | <a title="How to Build Hoard" href="building.html">Building Hoard</a> |
---|
93 | </div> |
---|
94 | <div class="menuitem"> |
---|
95 | <a title="FAQs" href="faqs.html">FAQs</a> |
---|
96 | </div> |
---|
97 | <div class="menuitem"> |
---|
98 | <a title="License Info" href="licensing.html">Licensing Info</a> |
---|
99 | </div> |
---|
100 | </div> |
---|
101 | <div id="credit"></div> |
---|
102 | <div id="roundbottom"> |
---|
103 | <img style="display: none" class="corner" height="15" width="15" alt="" src="skin/images/rc-b-l-15-1body-2menu-3menu.png"></div> |
---|
104 | <!--+ |
---|
105 | |alternative credits |
---|
106 | +--> |
---|
107 | </div> |
---|
108 | <!--+ |
---|
109 | |end Menu |
---|
110 | +--> |
---|
111 | <!--+ |
---|
112 | |start content |
---|
113 | +--> |
---|
114 | <div id="content"> |
---|
115 | <div id="skinconf-txtlink"></div> |
---|
116 | <h1>The Hoard Multiprocessor Memory Allocator</h1> |
---|
117 | <div id="minitoc-area"> |
---|
118 | <ul class="minitoc"> |
---|
119 | <li> |
---|
120 | <a href="#Why+Hoard%3F">Why Hoard?</a> |
---|
121 | <ul class="minitoc"> |
---|
122 | <li> |
---|
123 | <a href="#Contention">Contention</a> |
---|
124 | </li> |
---|
125 | <li> |
---|
126 | <a href="#False+Sharing">False Sharing</a> |
---|
127 | </li> |
---|
128 | <li> |
---|
129 | <a href="#Blowup">Blowup</a> |
---|
130 | </li> |
---|
131 | </ul> |
---|
132 | </li> |
---|
133 | <li> |
---|
134 | <a href="#Press">Press</a> |
---|
135 | </li> |
---|
136 | <li> |
---|
137 | <a href="#Who%27s+Using+Hoard%3F">Who's Using Hoard?</a> |
---|
138 | </li> |
---|
139 | <li> |
---|
140 | <a href="#More+Information">More Information</a> |
---|
141 | </li> |
---|
142 | <li> |
---|
143 | <a href="#Technical+Information">Technical Information</a> |
---|
144 | </li> |
---|
145 | </ul> |
---|
146 | </div> |
---|
147 | |
---|
148 | |
---|
149 | <p class="quote"> |
---|
150 | ...if you'll be running on multiprocessor machines, ... <strong>use <a href="http://www.cs.umass.edu/~emery">Emery Berger</a>'s excellent Hoard multiprocessor memory management code</strong>. It's a drop-in replacement for the C and C++ memory routines and is very fast on multiprocessor machines. |
---|
151 | <em><a href="http://www.nerdbooks.com/item.php?id=0735615365">Debugging Applications for Microsoft .NET and Microsoft Windows</a>, Microsoft Press, 2003</em> |
---|
152 | |
---|
153 | </p> |
---|
154 | |
---|
155 | <!-- |
---|
156 | <p class="quote"> |
---|
157 | <strong>hoard:</strong> |
---|
158 | To amass and put away (anything valuable) for preservation, security, |
---|
159 | or future use; to treasure up: esp. money or wealth. |
---|
160 | <em>Oxford English Dictionary</em> |
---|
161 | </p> |
---|
162 | --> |
---|
163 | |
---|
164 | |
---|
165 | <p> |
---|
166 | The Hoard memory allocator is a fast, scalable, and memory-efficient |
---|
167 | memory allocator for shared-memory multiprocessors. It runs on a |
---|
168 | variety of platforms, including Linux, Solaris, and Windows. Hoard is |
---|
169 | a drop-in replacement for malloc(), etc. No change to your source is |
---|
170 | necessary. Just link it in or set just one environment variable (see |
---|
171 | <a href="using.html">Using Hoard</a> for more |
---|
172 | information). <strong>Hoard can dramatically improve the performance |
---|
173 | of multithreaded programs running on multiprocessors.</strong> |
---|
174 | |
---|
175 | |
---|
176 | |
---|
177 | </p> |
---|
178 | |
---|
179 | |
---|
180 | <a name="N1002C"></a><a name="Why+Hoard%3F"></a> |
---|
181 | <h2 class="boxed">Why Hoard?</h2> |
---|
182 | <div class="section"> |
---|
183 | <p> |
---|
184 | There are a number of problems with existing memory allocators that make Hoard a better choice. |
---|
185 | </p> |
---|
186 | <a name="N10035"></a><a name="Contention"></a> |
---|
187 | <h3 class="boxed">Contention</h3> |
---|
188 | <p> |
---|
189 | Multithreaded programs often do not scale because the heap is a |
---|
190 | bottleneck. When multiple threads simultaneously allocate or |
---|
191 | deallocate memory from the allocator, the allocator will serialize |
---|
192 | them. Programs making intensive use of the allocator actually slow |
---|
193 | down as the number of processors increases. Your program may be |
---|
194 | allocation-intensive without you realizing it, for instance, if your |
---|
195 | program makes many calls to the C++ Standard Template Library (STL). |
---|
196 | </p> |
---|
197 | <a name="N1003F"></a><a name="False+Sharing"></a> |
---|
198 | <h3 class="boxed">False Sharing</h3> |
---|
199 | <p> |
---|
200 | The allocator can cause other problems for multithreaded code. It can |
---|
201 | lead to <em>false sharing</em> in your application: |
---|
202 | threads on different CPUs can end up with memory in the same cache |
---|
203 | line, or chunk of memory. Accessing these falsely-shared cache lines |
---|
204 | is hundreds of times slower than accessing unshared cache lines. |
---|
205 | </p> |
---|
206 | <a name="N1004C"></a><a name="Blowup"></a> |
---|
207 | <h3 class="boxed">Blowup</h3> |
---|
208 | <p> |
---|
209 | Multithreaded programs can also lead the allocator to blowup memory |
---|
210 | consumption. This effect can multiply the amount of memory needed to |
---|
211 | run your application by the number of CPUs on your machine: four CPUs |
---|
212 | could mean that you need four times as much memory. Hoard is a fast |
---|
213 | allocator that solves all of these problems. |
---|
214 | </p> |
---|
215 | </div> |
---|
216 | |
---|
217 | |
---|
218 | <a name="N10057"></a><a name="Press"></a> |
---|
219 | <h2 class="boxed">Press</h2> |
---|
220 | <div class="section"> |
---|
221 | <p> |
---|
222 | |
---|
223 | <a href="http://www.intel.com/cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/dc/xeon/43893.htm?page=4"><strong>Intel</strong> highlights the benefits of using Hoard</a> (a previous, slower version) on a 4-way Xeon system. |
---|
224 | </p> |
---|
225 | <p> |
---|
226 | |
---|
227 | <a href="http://developers.sun.com/solaris/articles/multiproc/multiproc.html"><strong>Sun</strong> concludes that Hoard is more space-efficient</a> than their own allocators. |
---|
228 | </p> |
---|
229 | </div> |
---|
230 | |
---|
231 | <!-- |
---|
232 | <section> |
---|
233 | <title>How Do I Use Hoard?</title> |
---|
234 | <p> |
---|
235 | Hoard is a drop-in replacement for malloc(), etc. No change to your source is necessary. Just link it in or set just one environment variable. See <a href="using.html">Using Hoard</a> for more information. |
---|
236 | </p> |
---|
237 | </section> |
---|
238 | --> |
---|
239 | |
---|
240 | |
---|
241 | |
---|
242 | <a name="N10072"></a><a name="Who%27s+Using+Hoard%3F"></a> |
---|
243 | <h2 class="boxed">Who's Using Hoard?</h2> |
---|
244 | <div class="section"> |
---|
245 | <p> |
---|
246 | Companies using Hoard in their products and servers include <a href="http://www.aol.com">AOL</a>, <a href="http://www.bt.com">British Telecom</a>, <a href="http://www.businessobjects.com">Business Objects</a> |
---|
247 | (formerly Crystal Decisions), <a href="http://www.entrust.com">Entrust</a>, <a href="http://www.novell.com">Novell</a>, <a href="http://www.openwave.com">OpenWave Systems</a> (for their |
---|
248 | Typhoon and Twister servers), and <a href="http://www.reuters.com">Reuters</a>. |
---|
249 | </p> |
---|
250 | <p> |
---|
251 | Open source projects using Hoard include the Bayonne GNU telephony |
---|
252 | server, the <a href="http://supertech.lcs.mit.edu/cilk/">Cilk</a> parallel |
---|
253 | programming language, the <a href="http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/research/DaSSF/index.html">Dartmouth |
---|
254 | Scalable Simulation Framework</a>, and the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/commoncpp/">GNU Common C++</a> |
---|
255 | system. |
---|
256 | </p> |
---|
257 | <p> |
---|
258 | Hoard is also a part of several major Linux distributions, including Debian and Novell's SuSe. |
---|
259 | </p> |
---|
260 | </div> |
---|
261 | |
---|
262 | |
---|
263 | |
---|
264 | <a name="N100AA"></a><a name="More+Information"></a> |
---|
265 | <h2 class="boxed">More Information</h2> |
---|
266 | <div class="section"> |
---|
267 | <p> |
---|
268 | The first place to look for Hoard-related information is at the Hoard |
---|
269 | web page, <a href="http://www.hoard.org">www.hoard.org</a>. |
---|
270 | </p> |
---|
271 | <p> |
---|
272 | There are two mailing lists you should join if you are a |
---|
273 | user of Hoard. If you are just interested in being informed of new |
---|
274 | releases, join the <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/hoard-announce/">Hoard-Announce</a> |
---|
275 | list. For general Hoard discussion, join the <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/hoard/">Hoard</a> mailing |
---|
276 | list. You can also search the archives of these lists. |
---|
277 | </p> |
---|
278 | </div> |
---|
279 | |
---|
280 | |
---|
281 | |
---|
282 | <a name="N100C3"></a><a name="Technical+Information"></a> |
---|
283 | <h2 class="boxed">Technical Information</h2> |
---|
284 | <div class="section"> |
---|
285 | <p> |
---|
286 | For technical details of a previous version of Hoard, read <a href="http://www.cs.umass.edu/~emery/hoard/asplos2000.pdf">Hoard: A Scalable Memory Allocator for Multithreaded Applications</a>, by Emery D. Berger, Kathryn S. McKinley, Robert D. Blumofe, and Paul R. Wilson. The Ninth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS-IX). Cambridge, MA, November 2000. |
---|
287 | </p> |
---|
288 | </div> |
---|
289 | |
---|
290 | |
---|
291 | </div> |
---|
292 | <!--+ |
---|
293 | |end content |
---|
294 | +--> |
---|
295 | <div class="clearboth"> </div> |
---|
296 | </div> |
---|
297 | <div id="footer"> |
---|
298 | <!--+ |
---|
299 | |start bottomstrip |
---|
300 | +--> |
---|
301 | <div class="lastmodified"> |
---|
302 | <script type="text/javascript"><!-- |
---|
303 | document.write("Last Published: " + document.lastModified); |
---|
304 | // --></script> |
---|
305 | </div> |
---|
306 | <div class="copyright"> |
---|
307 | Copyright © 2005 Emery Berger.</div> |
---|
308 | <div id="logos"> |
---|
309 | <a href="http://forrest.apache.org/"><img border="0" title="Built with Apache Forrest" alt="Built with Apache Forrest - logo" src="images/built-with-forrest-button.png" style="width: 88px;height: 31px;"></a> |
---|
310 | </div> |
---|
311 | <div id="feedback"> |
---|
312 | Send feedback about the website to: |
---|
313 | <a id="feedbackto" href="mailto:emery@cs.umass.edu?subject=Feedback,index.html">emery@cs.umass.edu</a> |
---|
314 | </div> |
---|
315 | <!--+ |
---|
316 | |end bottomstrip |
---|
317 | +--> |
---|
318 | </div> |
---|
319 | </body> |
---|
320 | </html> |
---|