1 | /** |
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2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one |
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3 | * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file |
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4 | * distributed with this work for additional information |
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5 | * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file |
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6 | * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the |
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7 | * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance |
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8 | * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at |
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9 | * |
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10 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
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11 | * |
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12 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
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13 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
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14 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
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15 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
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16 | * limitations under the License. |
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17 | */ |
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18 | |
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19 | package org.apache.hadoop.mapred; |
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20 | |
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21 | import java.io.*; |
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22 | import java.net.URI; |
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23 | import java.util.*; |
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24 | |
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25 | import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; |
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26 | import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configured; |
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27 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.BytesWritable; |
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28 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; |
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29 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile; |
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30 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; |
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31 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable; |
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32 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableComparable; |
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33 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableComparator; |
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34 | import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableUtils; |
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35 | import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.HashPartitioner; |
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36 | import org.apache.hadoop.util.Tool; |
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37 | import org.apache.hadoop.util.ToolRunner; |
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38 | import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*; |
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39 | |
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40 | /** |
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41 | * A set of utilities to validate the <b>sort</b> of the map-reduce framework. |
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42 | * This utility program has 2 main parts: |
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43 | * 1. Checking the records' statistics |
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44 | * a) Validates the no. of bytes and records in sort's input & output. |
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45 | * b) Validates the xor of the md5's of each key/value pair. |
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46 | * c) Ensures same key/value is present in both input and output. |
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47 | * 2. Check individual records to ensure each record is present in both |
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48 | * the input and the output of the sort (expensive on large data-sets). |
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49 | * |
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50 | * To run: bin/hadoop jar build/hadoop-examples.jar sortvalidate |
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51 | * [-m <i>maps</i>] [-r <i>reduces</i>] [-deep] |
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52 | * -sortInput <i>sort-in-dir</i> -sortOutput <i>sort-out-dir</i> |
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53 | */ |
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54 | public class SortValidator extends Configured implements Tool { |
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55 | |
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56 | static private final IntWritable sortInput = new IntWritable(1); |
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57 | static private final IntWritable sortOutput = new IntWritable(2); |
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58 | |
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59 | static void printUsage() { |
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60 | System.err.println("sortvalidate [-m <maps>] [-r <reduces>] [-deep] " + |
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61 | "-sortInput <sort-input-dir> -sortOutput <sort-output-dir>"); |
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62 | System.exit(1); |
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63 | } |
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64 | |
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65 | static private IntWritable deduceInputFile(JobConf job) { |
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66 | Path[] inputPaths = FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(job); |
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67 | Path inputFile = new Path(job.get("map.input.file")); |
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68 | |
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69 | // value == one for sort-input; value == two for sort-output |
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70 | return (inputFile.getParent().equals(inputPaths[0])) ? |
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71 | sortInput : sortOutput; |
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72 | } |
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73 | |
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74 | static private byte[] pair(BytesWritable a, BytesWritable b) { |
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75 | byte[] pairData = new byte[a.getLength()+ b.getLength()]; |
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76 | System.arraycopy(a.getBytes(), 0, pairData, 0, a.getLength()); |
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77 | System.arraycopy(b.getBytes(), 0, pairData, a.getLength(), b.getLength()); |
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78 | return pairData; |
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79 | } |
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80 | |
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81 | private static final PathFilter sortPathsFilter = new PathFilter() { |
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82 | public boolean accept(Path path) { |
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83 | return (path.getName().startsWith("part-")); |
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84 | } |
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85 | }; |
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86 | |
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87 | /** |
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88 | * A simple map-reduce job which checks consistency of the |
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89 | * MapReduce framework's sort by checking: |
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90 | * a) Records are sorted correctly |
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91 | * b) Keys are partitioned correctly |
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92 | * c) The input and output have same no. of bytes and records. |
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93 | * d) The input and output have the correct 'checksum' by xor'ing |
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94 | * the md5 of each record. |
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95 | * |
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96 | */ |
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97 | public static class RecordStatsChecker { |
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98 | |
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99 | /** |
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100 | * Generic way to get <b>raw</b> data from a {@link Writable}. |
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101 | */ |
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102 | static class Raw { |
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103 | /** |
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104 | * Get raw data bytes from a {@link Writable} |
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105 | * @param writable {@link Writable} object from whom to get the raw data |
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106 | * @return raw data of the writable |
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107 | */ |
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108 | public byte[] getRawBytes(Writable writable) { |
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109 | return writable.toString().getBytes(); |
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110 | } |
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111 | |
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112 | /** |
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113 | * Get number of raw data bytes of the {@link Writable} |
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114 | * @param writable {@link Writable} object from whom to get the raw data |
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115 | * length |
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116 | * @return number of raw data bytes |
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117 | */ |
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118 | public int getRawBytesLength(Writable writable) { |
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119 | return writable.toString().getBytes().length; |
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120 | } |
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121 | } |
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122 | |
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123 | /** |
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124 | * Specialization of {@link Raw} for {@link BytesWritable}. |
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125 | */ |
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126 | static class RawBytesWritable extends Raw { |
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127 | public byte[] getRawBytes(Writable bw) { |
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128 | return ((BytesWritable)bw).getBytes(); |
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129 | } |
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130 | public int getRawBytesLength(Writable bw) { |
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131 | return ((BytesWritable)bw).getLength(); |
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132 | } |
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133 | } |
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134 | |
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135 | /** |
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136 | * Specialization of {@link Raw} for {@link Text}. |
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137 | */ |
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138 | static class RawText extends Raw { |
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139 | public byte[] getRawBytes(Writable text) { |
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140 | return ((Text)text).getBytes(); |
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141 | } |
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142 | public int getRawBytesLength(Writable text) { |
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143 | return ((Text)text).getLength(); |
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144 | } |
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145 | } |
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146 | |
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147 | private static Raw createRaw(Class rawClass) { |
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148 | if (rawClass == Text.class) { |
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149 | return new RawText(); |
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150 | } else if (rawClass == BytesWritable.class) { |
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151 | System.err.println("Returning " + RawBytesWritable.class); |
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152 | return new RawBytesWritable(); |
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153 | } |
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154 | return new Raw(); |
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155 | } |
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156 | |
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157 | public static class RecordStatsWritable implements Writable { |
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158 | private long bytes = 0; |
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159 | private long records = 0; |
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160 | private int checksum = 0; |
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161 | |
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162 | public RecordStatsWritable() {} |
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163 | |
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164 | public RecordStatsWritable(long bytes, long records, int checksum) { |
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165 | this.bytes = bytes; |
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166 | this.records = records; |
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167 | this.checksum = checksum; |
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168 | } |
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169 | |
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170 | public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { |
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171 | WritableUtils.writeVLong(out, bytes); |
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172 | WritableUtils.writeVLong(out, records); |
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173 | WritableUtils.writeVInt(out, checksum); |
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174 | } |
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175 | |
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176 | public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException { |
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177 | bytes = WritableUtils.readVLong(in); |
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178 | records = WritableUtils.readVLong(in); |
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179 | checksum = WritableUtils.readVInt(in); |
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180 | } |
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181 | |
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182 | public long getBytes() { return bytes; } |
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183 | public long getRecords() { return records; } |
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184 | public int getChecksum() { return checksum; } |
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185 | } |
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186 | |
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187 | public static class Map extends MapReduceBase |
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188 | implements Mapper<WritableComparable, Writable, |
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189 | IntWritable, RecordStatsWritable> { |
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190 | |
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191 | private IntWritable key = null; |
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192 | private WritableComparable prevKey = null; |
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193 | private Class<? extends WritableComparable> keyClass; |
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194 | private Partitioner<WritableComparable, Writable> partitioner = null; |
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195 | private int partition = -1; |
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196 | private int noSortReducers = -1; |
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197 | private long recordId = -1; |
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198 | |
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199 | private Raw rawKey; |
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200 | private Raw rawValue; |
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201 | |
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202 | public void configure(JobConf job) { |
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203 | // 'key' == sortInput for sort-input; key == sortOutput for sort-output |
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204 | key = deduceInputFile(job); |
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205 | |
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206 | if (key == sortOutput) { |
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207 | partitioner = new HashPartitioner<WritableComparable, Writable>(); |
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208 | |
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209 | // Figure the 'current' partition and no. of reduces of the 'sort' |
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210 | try { |
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211 | URI inputURI = new URI(job.get("map.input.file")); |
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212 | String inputFile = inputURI.getPath(); |
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213 | partition = Integer.valueOf( |
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214 | inputFile.substring(inputFile.lastIndexOf("part")+5) |
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215 | ).intValue(); |
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216 | noSortReducers = job.getInt("sortvalidate.sort.reduce.tasks", -1); |
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217 | } catch (Exception e) { |
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218 | System.err.println("Caught: " + e); |
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219 | System.exit(-1); |
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220 | } |
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221 | } |
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222 | } |
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223 | |
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224 | @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") |
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225 | public void map(WritableComparable key, Writable value, |
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226 | OutputCollector<IntWritable, RecordStatsWritable> output, |
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227 | Reporter reporter) throws IOException { |
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228 | // Set up rawKey and rawValue on the first call to 'map' |
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229 | if (recordId == -1) { |
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230 | rawKey = createRaw(key.getClass()); |
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231 | rawValue = createRaw(value.getClass()); |
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232 | } |
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233 | ++recordId; |
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234 | |
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235 | if (this.key == sortOutput) { |
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236 | // Check if keys are 'sorted' if this |
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237 | // record is from sort's output |
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238 | if (prevKey == null) { |
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239 | prevKey = key; |
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240 | keyClass = prevKey.getClass(); |
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241 | } else { |
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242 | // Sanity check |
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243 | if (keyClass != key.getClass()) { |
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244 | throw new IOException("Type mismatch in key: expected " + |
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245 | keyClass.getName() + ", recieved " + |
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246 | key.getClass().getName()); |
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247 | } |
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248 | |
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249 | // Check if they were sorted correctly |
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250 | if (prevKey.compareTo(key) > 0) { |
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251 | throw new IOException("The 'map-reduce' framework wrongly" + |
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252 | " classifed (" + prevKey + ") > (" + |
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253 | key + ") "+ "for record# " + recordId); |
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254 | } |
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255 | prevKey = key; |
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256 | } |
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257 | |
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258 | // Check if the sorted output is 'partitioned' right |
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259 | int keyPartition = |
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260 | partitioner.getPartition(key, value, noSortReducers); |
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261 | if (partition != keyPartition) { |
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262 | throw new IOException("Partitions do not match for record# " + |
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263 | recordId + " ! - '" + partition + "' v/s '" + |
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264 | keyPartition + "'"); |
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265 | } |
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266 | } |
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267 | |
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268 | // Construct the record-stats and output (this.key, record-stats) |
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269 | byte[] keyBytes = rawKey.getRawBytes(key); |
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270 | int keyBytesLen = rawKey.getRawBytesLength(key); |
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271 | byte[] valueBytes = rawValue.getRawBytes(value); |
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272 | int valueBytesLen = rawValue.getRawBytesLength(value); |
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273 | |
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274 | int keyValueChecksum = |
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275 | (WritableComparator.hashBytes(keyBytes, keyBytesLen) ^ |
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276 | WritableComparator.hashBytes(valueBytes, valueBytesLen)); |
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277 | |
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278 | output.collect(this.key, |
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279 | new RecordStatsWritable((keyBytesLen+valueBytesLen), |
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280 | 1, keyValueChecksum) |
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281 | ); |
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282 | } |
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283 | |
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284 | } |
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285 | |
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286 | public static class Reduce extends MapReduceBase |
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287 | implements Reducer<IntWritable, RecordStatsWritable, |
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288 | IntWritable, RecordStatsWritable> { |
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289 | |
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290 | public void reduce(IntWritable key, Iterator<RecordStatsWritable> values, |
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291 | OutputCollector<IntWritable, |
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292 | RecordStatsWritable> output, |
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293 | Reporter reporter) throws IOException { |
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294 | long bytes = 0; |
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295 | long records = 0; |
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296 | int xor = 0; |
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297 | while (values.hasNext()) { |
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298 | RecordStatsWritable stats = values.next(); |
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299 | bytes += stats.getBytes(); |
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300 | records += stats.getRecords(); |
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301 | xor ^= stats.getChecksum(); |
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302 | } |
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303 | |
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304 | output.collect(key, new RecordStatsWritable(bytes, records, xor)); |
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305 | } |
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306 | } |
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307 | |
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308 | public static class NonSplitableSequenceFileInputFormat |
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309 | extends SequenceFileInputFormat { |
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310 | protected boolean isSplitable(FileSystem fs, Path filename) { |
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311 | return false; |
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312 | } |
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313 | } |
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314 | |
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315 | static void checkRecords(Configuration defaults, |
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316 | Path sortInput, Path sortOutput) throws IOException { |
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317 | FileSystem inputfs = sortInput.getFileSystem(defaults); |
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318 | FileSystem outputfs = sortOutput.getFileSystem(defaults); |
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319 | FileSystem defaultfs = FileSystem.get(defaults); |
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320 | JobConf jobConf = new JobConf(defaults, RecordStatsChecker.class); |
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321 | jobConf.setJobName("sortvalidate-recordstats-checker"); |
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322 | |
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323 | int noSortReduceTasks = |
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324 | outputfs.listStatus(sortOutput, sortPathsFilter).length; |
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325 | jobConf.setInt("sortvalidate.sort.reduce.tasks", noSortReduceTasks); |
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326 | int noSortInputpaths = inputfs.listStatus(sortInput).length; |
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327 | |
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328 | jobConf.setInputFormat(NonSplitableSequenceFileInputFormat.class); |
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329 | jobConf.setOutputFormat(SequenceFileOutputFormat.class); |
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330 | |
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331 | jobConf.setOutputKeyClass(IntWritable.class); |
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332 | jobConf.setOutputValueClass(RecordStatsChecker.RecordStatsWritable.class); |
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333 | |
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334 | jobConf.setMapperClass(Map.class); |
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335 | jobConf.setCombinerClass(Reduce.class); |
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336 | jobConf.setReducerClass(Reduce.class); |
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337 | |
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338 | jobConf.setNumMapTasks(noSortReduceTasks); |
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339 | jobConf.setNumReduceTasks(1); |
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340 | |
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341 | FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(jobConf, sortInput); |
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342 | FileInputFormat.addInputPath(jobConf, sortOutput); |
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343 | Path outputPath = new Path("/tmp/sortvalidate/recordstatschecker"); |
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344 | if (defaultfs.exists(outputPath)) { |
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345 | defaultfs.delete(outputPath, true); |
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346 | } |
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347 | FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(jobConf, outputPath); |
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348 | |
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349 | // Uncomment to run locally in a single process |
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350 | //job_conf.set("mapred.job.tracker", "local"); |
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351 | Path[] inputPaths = FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(jobConf); |
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352 | System.out.println("\nSortValidator.RecordStatsChecker: Validate sort " + |
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353 | "from " + inputPaths[0] + " (" + |
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354 | noSortInputpaths + " files), " + |
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355 | inputPaths[1] + " (" + |
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356 | noSortReduceTasks + |
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357 | " files) into " + |
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358 | FileOutputFormat.getOutputPath(jobConf) + |
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359 | " with 1 reducer."); |
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360 | Date startTime = new Date(); |
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361 | System.out.println("Job started: " + startTime); |
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362 | JobClient.runJob(jobConf); |
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363 | Date end_time = new Date(); |
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364 | System.out.println("Job ended: " + end_time); |
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365 | System.out.println("The job took " + |
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366 | (end_time.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) /1000 + " seconds."); |
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367 | |
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368 | // Check to ensure that the statistics of the |
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369 | // framework's sort-input and sort-output match |
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370 | SequenceFile.Reader stats = new SequenceFile.Reader(defaultfs, |
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371 | new Path(outputPath, "part-00000"), defaults); |
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372 | IntWritable k1 = new IntWritable(); |
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373 | IntWritable k2 = new IntWritable(); |
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374 | RecordStatsWritable v1 = new RecordStatsWritable(); |
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375 | RecordStatsWritable v2 = new RecordStatsWritable(); |
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376 | if (!stats.next(k1, v1)) { |
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377 | throw new IOException("Failed to read record #1 from reduce's output"); |
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378 | } |
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379 | if (!stats.next(k2, v2)) { |
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380 | throw new IOException("Failed to read record #2 from reduce's output"); |
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381 | } |
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382 | |
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383 | if ((v1.getBytes() != v2.getBytes()) || (v1.getRecords() != v2.getRecords()) || |
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384 | v1.getChecksum() != v2.getChecksum()) { |
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385 | throw new IOException("(" + |
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386 | v1.getBytes() + ", " + v1.getRecords() + ", " + v1.getChecksum() + ") v/s (" + |
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387 | v2.getBytes() + ", " + v2.getRecords() + ", " + v2.getChecksum() + ")"); |
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388 | } |
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389 | } |
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390 | |
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391 | } |
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392 | |
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393 | /** |
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394 | * A simple map-reduce task to check if the input and the output |
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395 | * of the framework's sort is consistent by ensuring each record |
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396 | * is present in both the input and the output. |
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397 | * |
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398 | */ |
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399 | public static class RecordChecker { |
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400 | |
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401 | public static class Map extends MapReduceBase |
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402 | implements Mapper<BytesWritable, BytesWritable, |
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403 | BytesWritable, IntWritable> { |
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404 | |
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405 | private IntWritable value = null; |
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406 | |
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407 | public void configure(JobConf job) { |
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408 | // value == one for sort-input; value == two for sort-output |
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409 | value = deduceInputFile(job); |
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410 | } |
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411 | |
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412 | public void map(BytesWritable key, |
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413 | BytesWritable value, |
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414 | OutputCollector<BytesWritable, IntWritable> output, |
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415 | Reporter reporter) throws IOException { |
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416 | // newKey = (key, value) |
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417 | BytesWritable keyValue = new BytesWritable(pair(key, value)); |
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418 | |
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419 | // output (newKey, value) |
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420 | output.collect(keyValue, this.value); |
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421 | } |
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422 | } |
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423 | |
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424 | public static class Reduce extends MapReduceBase |
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425 | implements Reducer<BytesWritable, IntWritable, |
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426 | BytesWritable, IntWritable> { |
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427 | |
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428 | public void reduce(BytesWritable key, Iterator<IntWritable> values, |
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429 | OutputCollector<BytesWritable, IntWritable> output, |
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430 | Reporter reporter) throws IOException { |
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431 | int ones = 0; |
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432 | int twos = 0; |
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433 | while (values.hasNext()) { |
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434 | IntWritable count = values.next(); |
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435 | if (count.equals(sortInput)) { |
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436 | ++ones; |
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437 | } else if (count.equals(sortOutput)) { |
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438 | ++twos; |
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439 | } else { |
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440 | throw new IOException("Invalid 'value' of " + count.get() + |
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441 | " for (key,value): " + key.toString()); |
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442 | } |
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443 | } |
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444 | |
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445 | // Check to ensure there are equal no. of ones and twos |
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446 | if (ones != twos) { |
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447 | throw new IOException("Illegal ('one', 'two'): (" + ones + ", " + twos + |
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448 | ") for (key, value): " + key.toString()); |
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449 | } |
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450 | } |
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451 | } |
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452 | |
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453 | static void checkRecords(Configuration defaults, int noMaps, int noReduces, |
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454 | Path sortInput, Path sortOutput) throws IOException { |
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455 | JobConf jobConf = new JobConf(defaults, RecordChecker.class); |
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456 | jobConf.setJobName("sortvalidate-record-checker"); |
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457 | |
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458 | jobConf.setInputFormat(SequenceFileInputFormat.class); |
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459 | jobConf.setOutputFormat(SequenceFileOutputFormat.class); |
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460 | |
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461 | jobConf.setOutputKeyClass(BytesWritable.class); |
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462 | jobConf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class); |
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463 | |
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464 | jobConf.setMapperClass(Map.class); |
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465 | jobConf.setReducerClass(Reduce.class); |
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466 | |
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467 | JobClient client = new JobClient(jobConf); |
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468 | ClusterStatus cluster = client.getClusterStatus(); |
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469 | if (noMaps == -1) { |
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470 | noMaps = cluster.getTaskTrackers() * |
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471 | jobConf.getInt("test.sortvalidate.maps_per_host", 10); |
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472 | } |
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473 | if (noReduces == -1) { |
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474 | noReduces = (int) (cluster.getMaxReduceTasks() * 0.9); |
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475 | String sortReduces = jobConf.get("test.sortvalidate.reduces_per_host"); |
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476 | if (sortReduces != null) { |
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477 | noReduces = cluster.getTaskTrackers() * |
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478 | Integer.parseInt(sortReduces); |
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479 | } |
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480 | } |
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481 | jobConf.setNumMapTasks(noMaps); |
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482 | jobConf.setNumReduceTasks(noReduces); |
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483 | |
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484 | FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(jobConf, sortInput); |
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485 | FileInputFormat.addInputPath(jobConf, sortOutput); |
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486 | Path outputPath = new Path("/tmp/sortvalidate/recordchecker"); |
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487 | FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(defaults); |
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488 | if (fs.exists(outputPath)) { |
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489 | fs.delete(outputPath, true); |
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490 | } |
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491 | FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(jobConf, outputPath); |
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492 | |
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493 | // Uncomment to run locally in a single process |
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494 | //job_conf.set("mapred.job.tracker", "local"); |
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495 | Path[] inputPaths = FileInputFormat.getInputPaths(jobConf); |
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496 | System.out.println("\nSortValidator.RecordChecker: Running on " + |
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497 | cluster.getTaskTrackers() + |
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498 | " nodes to validate sort from " + |
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499 | inputPaths[0] + ", " + |
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500 | inputPaths[1] + " into " + |
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501 | FileOutputFormat.getOutputPath(jobConf) + |
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502 | " with " + noReduces + " reduces."); |
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503 | Date startTime = new Date(); |
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504 | System.out.println("Job started: " + startTime); |
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505 | JobClient.runJob(jobConf); |
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506 | Date end_time = new Date(); |
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507 | System.out.println("Job ended: " + end_time); |
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508 | System.out.println("The job took " + |
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509 | (end_time.getTime() - startTime.getTime()) /1000 + " seconds."); |
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510 | } |
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511 | } |
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512 | |
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513 | |
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514 | /** |
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515 | * The main driver for sort-validator program. |
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516 | * Invoke this method to submit the map/reduce job. |
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517 | * @throws IOException When there is communication problems with the |
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518 | * job tracker. |
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519 | */ |
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520 | public int run(String[] args) throws Exception { |
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521 | Configuration defaults = getConf(); |
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522 | |
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523 | int noMaps = -1, noReduces = -1; |
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524 | Path sortInput = null, sortOutput = null; |
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525 | boolean deepTest = false; |
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526 | for(int i=0; i < args.length; ++i) { |
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527 | try { |
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528 | if ("-m".equals(args[i])) { |
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529 | noMaps = Integer.parseInt(args[++i]); |
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530 | } else if ("-r".equals(args[i])) { |
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531 | noReduces = Integer.parseInt(args[++i]); |
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532 | } else if ("-sortInput".equals(args[i])){ |
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533 | sortInput = new Path(args[++i]); |
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534 | } else if ("-sortOutput".equals(args[i])){ |
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535 | sortOutput = new Path(args[++i]); |
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536 | } else if ("-deep".equals(args[i])) { |
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537 | deepTest = true; |
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538 | } else { |
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539 | printUsage(); |
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540 | return -1; |
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541 | } |
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542 | } catch (NumberFormatException except) { |
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543 | System.err.println("ERROR: Integer expected instead of " + args[i]); |
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544 | printUsage(); |
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545 | return -1; |
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546 | } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException except) { |
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547 | System.err.println("ERROR: Required parameter missing from " + |
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548 | args[i-1]); |
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549 | printUsage(); |
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550 | return -1; |
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551 | } |
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552 | } |
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553 | |
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554 | // Sanity check |
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555 | if (sortInput == null || sortOutput == null) { |
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556 | printUsage(); |
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557 | return -2; |
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558 | } |
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559 | |
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560 | // Check if the records are consistent and sorted correctly |
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561 | RecordStatsChecker.checkRecords(defaults, sortInput, sortOutput); |
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562 | |
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563 | // Check if the same records are present in sort's inputs & outputs |
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564 | if (deepTest) { |
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565 | RecordChecker.checkRecords(defaults, noMaps, noReduces, sortInput, |
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566 | sortOutput); |
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567 | } |
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568 | |
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569 | System.out.println("\nSUCCESS! Validated the MapReduce framework's 'sort'" + |
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570 | " successfully."); |
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571 | |
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572 | return 0; |
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573 | } |
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574 | |
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575 | public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { |
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576 | int res = ToolRunner.run(new Configuration(), new SortValidator(), args); |
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577 | System.exit(res); |
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578 | } |
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579 | } |
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